Why fertility levels vary between urban and rural areas • Hill Kulu, University of Liverpool

Cross-national differences in norms against childlessness: The role of individual characteristics and national context • Suzanne Noordhuizen, Tilburg University ; Paul de Graaf, Tilburg University

International fertility change: new data and insights from the developmental idealism framework • Arland Thornton, University of Michigan ; Georgina Binstock, Centro de Estudios de Población ; Kathryn M. Yount, Emory University ; Mohammad J. Abbasi-Shavazi , University of Tehran ; Dirgha J. Ghimire, University of Michigan ; Yu Xie, University of Michigan

The "ideal age for parenthood" and tempo-quantum interaction in Europe. Subnational regional age norms and the effects of first birth timing on second birth rates • Jan Van Bavel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel